Если кто-то скажет: «Это мой сын», он, как полагают, [чтобы заставить его унаследовать и освободить свою (собственную) жену от ибума (левиратного брака)]. (Если кто-то говорит: «Это мой брат», ему не верят, [чтобы заставить его наследовать со своими братьями, потому что они его не узнают.] И он (тот, кого называют «моим братом») берет (т.е. , делится) с ним (тот, кто называет его своим братом) в своей части. [Так что, если в стороне было два брата от сейфа («сомнительного») и было три поля для их деления, одно занимает полтора, а другое - полтора, а тот, кто называет сейф, его брат дает ему половину поля, а другой ничего не дает ему, говоря: «Принеси доказательства и забери».] Если он [сейф] умирает, имущество [переданное ему его братом] возвращается на свое место [то есть тому, кто дал его ему; но другие братья не наследуют его.] Если собственность [палача] досталась ему [из сейфа] из другого места [при его жизни, или если он купил собственность, а затем умер], его братья наследуют с ним [тот, кто свидетельствовал о нем. Ибо он (сейф) признался им, что он их брат. Это когда другие братья не совсем отрицают, что он их брат, а только говорят, что не узнают его. Но если они это отрицают, его наследует только тот, кто свидетельствовал за него.] Если кто-то умер и даитики [воля смерти («даитики» - «да техей лемейкам улемехевей»)— «Это должно быть, чтобы установить и подтвердить»)] были найдены привязанными к его бедру, [в этом случае нельзя утверждать, что другой написал это и поместил это там, даже так], это ничего, [для приобретения осуществляется только с переносом судебного приказа и «нет судебного приказа после смерти».] Если он вложил в него другого, будь то один из наследников или один не наследник, его слова верны.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
זה בני נאנון – to inherit him and to exempt his wife from levirate marriage.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
Mishnah six deals with a father’s ability to declare that a certain person is either his son or his brother in order that he should be his legal inheritor.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
זה אחי אינו נאמן – to cause him to inherit with his brothers, for they do not recognize him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man said, “This is my son”, he is believed. If [he said], “This is my brother”, he is not believed, yet the other may join him in his portion. If he died the property returns to its place. If he inherited property from elsewhere the other’s brothers inherit it together with him. If a man states that a certain person is his son, and therefore should inherit his property along with his other sons, he is believed. Since he could give his property to this person in any case, we allow him to claim that the person is his son so that he may receive a portion of the inheritance. However, he is not to believed to say that a person is his brother and therefore should share in the inheritance from his father. Since, by saying that a person is his brother and deserves part of the inheritance he would be taking away from the shares of the other brothers, he is not believed. Suppose a case in which Reuven and Shimon come to split an inheritance and Shimon claims that Levi is his brother. If they were to split equally, Reuven would receive a third of the inheritance and not the half, which would be his had Shimon been his only brother. Therefore Reuven takes half and Shimon and Levi split the other half. If Levi were to die, the money would revert to Shimon. Since the money was taken out of Shimon’s share in the first place, the money would eventually revert to him and not to Reuven. If Levi were to receive money from somewhere else (i.e. not from his father’s inheritance) and then die, Reuven and Shimon would both inherit. Since Shimon claimed that Levi was his and Reuven’s brother he must share the inheritance from Levi with Reuven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
ונוטל עמו בחלקו – as for example, if they are two brothers, besides the doubt, and they have to divide three fields, This one takes a field and one-half, and that one takes a field and one-half, and the third one testifies on the doubt that he is their brother, he gives him one-half of the field, but the other does not give him anything, or he says to him: “bring proof and then take.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man died and a testament was found bound to his thigh, this counts as nothing. But if [he had delivered it and] through it granted title to another, whether of his heirs or of those who are not his heirs, his words are valid. If a man died and a testament (will) was found on him, the will is invalid. Although we may assume that the man wrote the document we do not know if he intended to give it to the intended person. Since he may have written it and changed his mind, the document is not valid. If, however, he gave the document to someone else before he died the document is valid. Since it was given while the person was alive, it is a proper will and it will be carried out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מת – [the one about whom there is] doubt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
יחזרו – those properties that his brothers gave him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
למקומן – meaning to say, to whomever had given them to him, but the other brothers do not inherit with him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
נפלו לו – to the one [about whom there is] doubt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
נכסים ממקום אחר – during his lifetime; or he bought property and now is dead.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
ירשו אחיו – of the one who testifies that he is their brother.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
עמו – for surely he admits to them that he is their brother, but these words [concern] when the rest of the brothers did not deny to state that he definitely is not their brother, but rather claim that they don’t recognize him, but if they deny that he is their brother, they do not inherit him other than the one who testified about him alone.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
דיאתיקי – a will of someone on his deathbed. And the language of דיאתיקי is this what shall be established and come to pass.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
קשורה לו ביריכו – that is not to say that after it was written and placed there, even so it is worthless, for he did not complete to transfer possession other than with the receipt of a document, but there is no document after death.
